Exxon, Chevron beat profit estimates on war-driven refining surge

U.S. oil majors ExxonMobil XOM-N and Chevron CVX-N both beat analyst expectations for quarterly profit on Friday, as soaring refining margins increased earnings from their fuel-making businesses – which typically have smaller profits – to rival the upstream segments.

The U.S.-Israeli war with Iran and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have disrupted global energy markets and sent gasoline and diesel prices higher. The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz and recent attacks on refineries in Saudi Arabia and Russia have knocked out fuel-making capacity, lifting margins for Exxon and Chevron as they ran their U.S. refineries near full rates.

Exxon, the largest U.S. oil producer by market capitalization, is now earning more money from refining than from upstream for the first time in at least the past six years. Chevron’s third-quarter downstream earnings also reached their highest point over the same time frame.

Shares of Exxon rose 2 per cent in pre-market trading, while Chevron was up 1 per cent.

Exxon is continuing to invest more in its refineries, including at its Baytown complex in Texas, to increase fuel production and has leaned on its trading team to direct supplies to where they are needed globally, Chief Financial Officer Neil Hansen said in an interview.

“It’s important to acknowledge that these higher fuel prices put real pressure on families and businesses,” he said. “The most meaningful response … that we can offer as a company is to pull every lever that’s available to us to increase supply.”

Distillate production in the U.S. will grow by another 100,000 barrels per day through the refinery investments, the company said in prepared remarks ahead of the earnings call, without giving a timeline.

High fuel prices have become a political flashpoint ahead of Tuesday’s U.S. midterm elections, with diesel and gasoline costs adding to voter frustration.

The industry has so far avoided some of the toughest measures floated in Washington, including a possible diesel export ban that U.S. President Donald Trump had considered in September before saying in early October he would not impose it.

Chevron has opportunities to increase efficiency at its U.S. Gulf refineries and could grow capacity by 7 per cent at its Pascagoula refinery in Mississippi by the end of the decade, Chief Financial Officer Eimear Bonner told Reuters in an interview.

Exxon reported third-quarter adjusted earnings per share of US$4.23, while Chevron earned US$5.28 in adjusted per-share profit.

Paying down debt

The two U.S. oil majors are using the cash windfall to pay down debt and strengthen their balance sheets instead of increasing dividends or buying back more shares.

Exxon reduced debt by $8 billion during the third quarter, Hansen said, adding it planned to stick to its approach of maintaining a sustainable and growing dividend over the long term.

Chevron has cut net debt by nearly US$14-billion when compared with the end of 2025.

“We think in decades, not quarters,” Bonner said. “We need that (strong) balance sheet through high prices and low prices.”

Bonner said the spot price of benchmark Brent crude swung from as low as US$68 per barrel to a high of US$132 during the third quarter, underscoring the volatility of the energy market.

Exxon said it would repurchase US$20-billion worth of shares in 2027, the same level as in the previous two years.

During the earnings calls with analysts later on Friday, executives from both firms could face questions about when they might increase distributions to shareholders or their plans to invest higher profits into new or existing projects.